Introduction to geomorphology salem state university. In addition to horizontal shortening and thrust faulting, the geomorphology and structural evolution of the hikurangi margin is further in. The hikurangi margin is known for the occurrence of a widespread, strong bottom simulating reflection bsr seen in seismic data e. Box 30 368 lower hutt, new zealand abstract seismic reflection and outcrop data from the. The existing data show alongstrike trends in the structure and behavior of the hikurangi margin that make it the ideal location for such a quantitative analysis of physical controls on the short and longterm dynamics of the hikurangi system. Postglacial after 18 ka deepsea sedimentation along the. Bowdenb a woods hole oceanographic institution, biology dept.
Hikurangi margin subduction thrust, post workshop fieldtrip. Identification and characterisation of seismic anomalies. Morphometric and critical taper analysis of the rock. As with geology, geomorphology is a tangle of physics, chemistry, biology and history. Therefore, geomorphology is literally the study of earth forms.
Bsrs are widespread on the hikurangi margin east of the north island and on the fiordland margin southwest of the south island. Initially, the subject was concerned with unravelling the history of landform development, but now it is also concerned with understanding the processes which create landforms and how these processes operate. Temperature changes with depth do not appear to be a primary control for either slow slip or faultlocking processes at the hikurangi margin, north island, new zealand. Hikurangi margin tectonic setting 4 the hikurangi margin has formed in response to oblique westward subduction of the pacific plate beneath the australian plate over the last 2025 myr ballance, 1976. Correlation of fluvial terraces within the hikurangi margin. It is also geometry, as the geomorphology plays out in a. The hope fault defines a fundamental strain partitioning boundary in the northern part of the south island, separating. Mar 01, 2008 the hikurangi margin is a subduction zone where the pacific tectonic plate slides underneath the australian plate. Development of submarine canyon systems on active margins.
Pettingab a national institute of water and atmospheric research ltd, private bag 14901, wellington, new zealand. The ranges can be subdivided into the axial ranges, which are the basementcored frontal ridge, or backstop, and the lower elevation coastal ranges, comprising the partially uplifted forearc basin and outer. The eastern north island comprises a zone of ranges and basins formed in response to tectonics associated with the hikurangi subduction margin between the australian and pacific plates. Geomorphology vol 99, issues 14, pages a1a2, 1448 1. Investigating the morphology of large landslide deposits on the hikurangi margin, offshore new zealand benjamin couvin 1, aggeliki georgiopoulou 2, joshu mountjoy 3, gareth crutchley 4, and iodp expeditions 372 and 375 participants. Pdf sidescan sonar imagery of widespread fossil and. Summarise hikurangi margin geomorphology and tectonic structure. Tectonic and geological framework for gas hydrates and cold. Weak and segmented bottom simulating reflections on the.
Characterizing the seismogenic zone of a major plate boundary subduction thrust. A frontal tectonic erosion and seamount subduction zone. This causes organic materialmud on the pacific seafloor to be taken deep underground where it breaks down into simpler organic molecules, including methane. Geomorphology, if we go by the greek roots of the term, would mean a discourse on forms of the earths surface. Initial characterization of cold seep faunal communities on the new zealand hikurangi margin amy r. Smith5 1coasts and oceans centre, national institute of water and atmospheric research, wellington, new zealand, 2college of earth, ocean, and atmospheric sciences. Submarine mass movements and their consequences springerlink. Nathan bangs1, harold tobin2, stuart henrys3, dan barker3, philip. Relave roles of control parameters on acve forearc basins. The giant ruatoria debris avalanche on the northern. Geomorphology and general systems theory during the past decade several valuable attempts have been made, notably by strahler 1950,1952a, and 1952b, by culling 1957, p. Wallace, martin reyners, ursula cochran, and stephen bannister gns science, p.
Geomorphology and plate tectonics geogem note 2 boundaries of the geomorphic provinces that we deine in this report as coastline subprovinces. The submarine mass movements and their consequences symposium is the biannual meeting under the igcp umbrella. The hikurangi margin off the east coast of the north island te ikaamaui is a tectonically active subduction zone and the location of new zealands largest gas hydrate province. Geomorphologists are primarily concerned with the study of earths surficial features, including their origin and evolution and impact on human activity. May, 2010 5 of mostly leftstepping en echelon traces andor deformational bulges that have been active in the late quaternary grapes and wellman, 1988. Hikurangi subduction earthquakes and slip behaviour. Article information, pdf download for tectonic geomorphology. Forearc extension, gps velocity, hikurangi margin, north island new.
Shallow methane hydrate system controls ongoing, downslope sediment transport in a low. Laymans abstract to the east of the north island the pacific tectonic plate is being thrust beneath the australian plate in a process known as subduction. Pdf thermal regime of the northern hikurangi margin, new zealand. This has been demonstrated by several multidisciplinary studies in the area. Tectonic deformation sedimentation climate interactions. Submarine paleoseismology of the northern hikurangi. Structure and deformational history of the inner forearc.
The hikurangi margin, east of the north island, was among the first regions globally for which the presence of gas hydrates was inferred from bottom simulating reflections bsrs katz, 1981. Submarine mass movements and their consequences 7th international symposium. Citescore values are based on citation counts in a given year e. North island of new zealand, according to broadscale margin geomorphology. Lying at the southern end of the tongakermadec hikurangi subduction zone, the margin has formed in response to the westward subduction of the thick and bathymetrically elevated. Strange then that niwa and coresearchers have recently been searching for it a thousand metres down on the seabed of the hikurangi margin off new zealands east coast. Geomorphology volume 68, issues 34, 1 june 2005, pages 29 correlation of fluvial terraces within the hikurangi margin, new zealand. The hikurangi margin coastal radiocarbon age database is a gis database containing published and unpublished radiocarbon ages from coastal sites along the hikurangi margin, from kaikoura peninsula to east cape, new zealand. Using a combination of loess and tephra coverbed stratigraphy, and radiocarbon and osl dating of fluvial deposits and loess coverbeds, we demonstrate correlation of four fill. Pdf preliminary results of lithostratigraphy in iodp. A correlation of fluvial terraces is presented for eight nonglacial catchments of the eastern north island, new zealand, within the actively uplifting hikurangi margin. Introduction there is no general theory of geomorphology. We seek papers that are comprehensive, interdisciplinary and synthetic that will be lasting contributions to the field.
It is part of a large igneous province lip together with manihiki and ontong java, now located 3,000 km 1,900 mi and 3,500 km 2,200 mi north of hikurangi respectively. Straddling the eastern north island and northeastern south island, the hikurangi margin is an oceanic. Pdf the geomorphology and physiographic provinces of central. Hikurangi margin cannot be ignored, as a scenario event located offshore of the raukumara peninsula exhibits modelled waveheights that represent a significant hazard at the coast. Geomorphologists are also concerned with understanding the function landforms and how landforms respond to changes in energy. Within each province, the geologic materials or building blocks have been recycled from previous landscapes. It is the southern portion of the tongakermadec hikurangi subduction zone and its main feature is the hikurangi trench earthquakes of up to 8. Investigating the morphology of large landslide deposits. The hikurangi margin the hikurangi margin of north island has been an active plate boundary for 25 myr and now is composed of a broad zone of active deformation in excess of 200 km wide walcott, 1978. New zealand, that structurally links the hikurangi subduction zone and the alpine fault fig. Strain partitioning in the transition area between oblique.
Fluvial geomorphological evaluation is quite useful for water resource study in river basin planning. Citescore measures the average citations received per document published in this title. Geomorphology of vancouver island british columbia. The practical goals of our study were to explore for cold seep sites along the eastern and south margins of the north island of new zealand the hikurangi margin and to conduct the. Gps data show a transition in slip behavior from predominantly stickslip in the. It was the first geochemical gas hydrate survey of the water column undertaken in new zealand waters. Total predicted hydrate masses at the southern hikurangi margin are between 52,800 and 69,800 mt. Cruise and field research blog coming soon background. Tectonic geomorphology, uplift rates and geomorphic response in. Bsrs were later also discovered on the fiordlandpuysegur margin to the southwest of the 1997. Geochemical characterization of concentrated gas hydrate. The present landscape evolved predominantly under the fluvial erosion system. The basic or fundamental concepts of geomorphology are as follows.
This report provides a description of all the data fields in the database and a full bibliography of. The coastal geomorphology of the raukumara peninsula, north island, new zealand, is investigated with the aim of understanding the geodynamics of this segment of the hikurangi subduction zone. Rates of lowering were highest on the landward margins of the platforms and. Dec 07, 2015 on this page you can read or download geomorphology notes pdf in pdf format. Therefore geomorphology is literally the study of earth forms. Highresolution view of active tectonic deformation along the. Geomorphology 2 the word geomorphology comes from the greek roots geo, morph, and logos, meaning earth, form, and study, respectively. There are few active faults on the raukumara peninsula and there have been no historical subduction earthquakes on this part of the margin. Marine geology is the premier international journal on marine geological processes in the broadest sense. New zealands largest conventional gas field may be depleted in a few years and hence, there is increasing interest in the resource potential of gas hydrates. Pdf central america encompasses an intricate mosaic of dynamic. Improved 3d coastal outcrop models using multiple uav acquisitions. Coastal tectonic geomorphology and stratigraphy of the hikurangi margin, broadly from.
D model of gas generation, migration, and gas hydrate. The hikurangi margin has all the natural physical attributes required for unravelling. Hikurangi project summary university of texas at austin. The hikurangi margin, east of the north island of new zealand, is known to contain significant deposits of gas hydrates. Geochemical characterization of concentrated gas hydrate deposits on the hikurangi margin, new zealand. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. First eage workshop on unmanned aerial vehicles session. Cold seep epifaunal communities on the hikurangi margin. The hikurangi margin lies along the eastern edge of the north island of new zealand, where the pacific plate subducts beneath north island. Hikurangi margin, offshore the north island of new zealand. Mechanisms of late quaternary coastal uplift along the.
The 25 myr old hikurangi margin of north eastern new zealand epitomizes subduction systems and their tectonic complexity and variability. The hikurangi subduction zone is an important location for scientific research of plate tectonics and earthquake. Hikurangi subduction margin international ocean discovery program expedition 375 the loggingwhiledrilling operations lwd originally planned for hikurangi subduction margin expedition 375 proposal 781afull will be implemented by creeping gas hydrate slides and hikurangi lwd expedition 372. Characterizing the seismogenic zone of a major plate. The deep water 2500 m southern hikurangi trough off eastern new zealand is an example of a major canyonchannel sedimentary dispersal system on a tectonically active, obliquely convergent continental margin. Two main study sites, in poverty bay and cook strait, provide examples of canyon formation. On land a system of active strikeslip faults occurs at the back of the subduction margin figure l, uplifting.
Tectonic and geological framework for gas hydrates and cold seeps. May, 2010 2 introduction the pacificaustralia plate boundary in the north island of new zealand accommodates oblique subduction of oceanic crust along the hikurangi margin of the north island, and oblique continental collision in the south island fig. From january to march 2007, a multinational crew of research scientists aboard the german research vessel sonne studied hikurangi margin cold seeps, where methane. Pdf we present 96 new seafloor heat flow determinations, made with a 3. Paleomagnetism is a powerful tool for determining horizontal plane tectonic rotations in areas of continental deformation and has been widely used to determine the tectonic rotational history of the hikurangi margin walcott et al. It is the southern portion of the tongakermadechikurangi subduction zone and its main feature is the hikurangi trench. Hack and goodlett, 1960, to apply general systems theory to the study of geomorphology. Many studies of the geomorphology and stratigraphy of holocene coastal features.
Focused fluid seepage related to variations in accretionary. Terrestrialstyle slowmoving earthflow kinematics in a. The northern section of the fault is marked by a series of. Pdf on nov 26, 2008, van vlietlanoe brigitte and others published periglacial geomorphology find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Cold seep epifaunal communities on the hikurangi margin, new zealand. Subduction margin sedimentary basins and tectonic geomorphology. The hikurangi subduction margin, new zealand, has not produced large. First, we will investigate presentday to longterm 10,000 years deformation styles of the hikurangi margin by integrating paleoseismological studies with ongoing geodetic modeling. Maps showing distribution of fluidexpulsion indicators along the hikurangi margin, offshore the north island of new zealand, according to broadscale margin geomorphology. Threedimensional seismic imaging of slow slip zones along the northern hikurangi margin. Sidescan sonar imagery of widespread fossil and active. Modelling submarine landscape evolution in response to. The hikurangi subduction margin of new zealand provides worldclass examples of the control of tectonic and sedimentary processes on margin development, hosting multiple examples of deeplyincised canyon systems across a range of scales. Mountjoy, sebastian krastel, gareth crutchley, stephanie koch.
These variations include changes in the rate and obliquity of plate convergence wallace et al. The 25 myr old hikurangi margin of north eastern new zealand. Digital outcrop modelling and analysis i publication date. Hikurangi margin new zealand aaron micallef, joshu j.
The hikurangi plateau is an oceanic plateau in the south pacific ocean east of the north island of new zealand. The porters passamberley fault zone represents the newest strikeslip fault system to evolve, and may represent a southward extension of the marlborough fault system. This is in contrast to a 20102011 longterm sse at the central hikurangi margin, which evolved steadily over. Correlation of fluvial terraces within the hikurangi. The basin contains primarily clastic sedimentary rocks up to 9 km thick, and is currently under exploration permit. Article details improved 3d coastal outcrop models using. Geological evidence for past large earthquakes and tsunamis along. Results from ocean drilling program site 842, geology. The hikurangi subduction zone is an important location for scientific research of plate tectonics and earthquake seismology. Michael marden, colin mazengarb, alan palmer, kelvin berryman, donna rowan.
However, only trend i is also associated with clear and widespread seismic indications of concentrated gas hydrate. Implications for slope stability and potential tsunami generation, marinegeology 2009, doi. The hikurangi margin coastal radiocarbon age database. Focused fluid seepage related to variations in accretionary wedge. Methane seepage and its relation to slumping and gas.
The giant ruatoria debris avalanche on the northern hikurangi. Stanley 1 centre for offshore foundation systems at the university of western australia, m053, 35 stirling highway, crawley, wa, australia 6009. Useful notes on geomorphology your article library. In project shire seismogenesis at hikurangi integrated research experiment, we aim to rigorously investigate the feedbacks between plate interface slip behavior, solid and fluid mass fluxes, and manifestations of plate boundary mechanics in the longterm geological record that likely reflect common driving. We cannot cast the subject in a single equation, or set of equations. Composition, succession, and vulnerability to human activities david a. In addition to horizontal shortening and thrust faulting, the geomorphology and structural evolution of the hikurangi margin is further influenced by the subduction of.
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